The village of Most near Bratislava

FROM THE HISTORY OF THE MUNICIPALITY

The oldest proven settlement of the village is represented by Old Slavic dwellings with shards of vessels, animal bones and an amorphous green object from 8.-9. century in the locality "Pod Pšenom" ( Ľudovo Srňacie).

On the outskirts of the village, on the easternmost tip of Žitný ostrov, in the 1980s, there was a pit after excavated gravel, which was gradually loaded with rubbish. Above them, in the wall of the pit, dark spots were drawing - the fillings of ancient recessed objects. Archaeological excavations revealed that these were traces of a hitherto unknown Slavic settlement. Rescue research of the site, which was threatened by the spontaneous collapse of gravel walls, lasted three years. 14 objects were examined. These were standard amorphous-shaped pits with lava-like sloping walls, to which archaeologists attribute the function of economic or technical objects.

Except for one ........

The shards found in this building proved that this cult building dates from the second half of the 8th century to the beginning of the 9th century and is the first Old Slavic shrine in Slovakia.

The village is first mentioned in documents in 1238 as Pruck and it was an ancient privileged village, which received privileges in the 13th century. Pruck was a royal property. According to local legend, under the ridge (locally called "Turkish Hill") opposite the CS Most, warriors in full armor, who fell in the battle against the Tatars, are buried.

Trees were planted here and three crosses were erected. Fires were once laid on the hill for All Saints' Day.

After the departure of the Tatars, the village was settled by the Germans from Württemberg, a dialect of the inhabitants who lived here until recently pointed out this.

In 1283, the village is registered as Pruk, which is distorted by its original name Bruck an der Donau, or Bridge over the Danube. The name of the village was rightfully given, because the river Malý Dunaj often overflowed and bridges had to be built for an undisturbed connection with the surroundings. There were four wooden bridges in our village. One stood in the direction of Malinovo, the other above the village, the third near today's cemetery and the fourth near today's teacher's apartment building. In 1335, King Charles Robert donated property for eternal use for good service and loyalty to the Bratislava mayor Jakub, his godfather, who married his favorite court lady. They were not included in this property until 1337. Richtár died in 1373 or 1374.

In 1338, during a detour of the village district, King Karol Róbert issued a deed to the property of Beňadik Kondoros, which mentions an abandoned old river (dead arm?), It is also written about the river Čalló, on which there was a ferry, where the border is marked. Then, according to the document, the river turned towards the island of Wlgan (Ulgan), German Seutel (opposite Hrušová). One part of it was owned by the inhabitants of Pruk, the other by the inhabitants of the village of Feristar. Then the area led to the village of Felhid, then to the village of Thoronis (Hungarian: Felhydoveolgie), and finally to the village of Hideghét, which Čalló divided into two parts. The old area ended at the Symelchen tree (Szömölcsfa).

This was the situation of the village district in 1338. In Pruk, the manor of Svätý Jur, ie the counts of Svätý Jur and Pezinok, to which the nearby Eberhard also belonged, acquired property. The mentioned counts owned huge estates in the Bratislava County, but in 1543 the Krištof family died by the sword and their estates passed into the hands of the king. Later, the Malinovo estate was given to the Mérey family, other parts of Gašpar Seréda. In the list of levied taxes from 1557, Gašpar Serédy, who owns 4 ports, Michal Mérey with 5 ports and Ignác Farkas with 1 port, is mentioned as a landowner in the village.

At the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries, a plague epidemic called "Lues pestifera" broke out, which greatly decimated the population of our village. In 1583, the Malinovo estate passed to the Balass family, as Paul B. married Anna Méreyová. Later, the landowners changed quite quickly, as did the owners of the surrounding estates. It was also the result of turbulent and unstable times of counter-reformation.

In 1647, part of the village was owned by the Kerekes family and the other part by the Eberhard estate, which owned 3/4 of the district and a quarter of the estate from Svätý Jur.

In 1659 the village is mentioned under the name Bruckh in der Insel. This is evidenced by a letter written by the mayor of the village and the councilors and bearing the usual seal.

The Turkish wars and Rákóczi's anti-Habsburg uprising in the years 1683 - 1720 quite devastated the village and greatly decimated its population. But Pruk was not paid by the Turks, taxes were levied here by others, especially landowners and royal lords.

In the years 1703 - 1708, the Kuruk troops moved at all around the village, especially to Francis II. Devoted to Rákóczi, Žitný ostrov was a large operational base for Kurucs.

In the 18th century, the Fél (Tomášov) estate broke away from the Eberhard estate and the Jeszenákov family also became the owner of Pruk.

In 1715 there were two mills, a slice of meat and 30 taxpayers. In the relatively quiet times of the 18th century, the village was able to develop and was inhabited by people from Carinthia. In 1757 a Roman Catholic parish was built here and in 1770 a Roman Catholic school. But Pruku was not avoided by natural disasters, in 1764 it was an earthquake, in 1769 half of the village burned down.

From the beginning of the 19th century, the Apponyi family became the landowners of the village. In 1828 there were 110 houses and 790 taxpayers. In 1831, a cholera disease raged in the village. The events of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848/1849 affected Pruk only marginally. In January 1849, on the way between the villages of Pruk and Hideghét, the second sub-county governor, Juraj Petöcz, met with the chief servant of Bratislava County, Mikuláš Olgyaym, and informed him about the position of the Hungarian militiamen in Topol'níky. Hungarian and sometimes imperial troops marched around the village, but they did not move to Pruk. The German population was not very active in the times of the revolution and lived their daily lives.

In 1851, E. Fényes writes about the village: "Pruck - a German village in Bratislava County, on the country road to Pest, in Žitný ostrov, 753 Catholics, 13 Evangelical, 7 Jewish inhabitants. It has a small forest. The landowner is the Eberhard estate". In 1857 and 1863 a fire broke out in the village, in the second case almost the whole village burned down. In 1873, a cholera epidemic raged here. In 1867, part of the local lands of Count Apponyi's manor were divided among ninety local farmers.

In the second half of the 19th century, Jozef Láz had a roadside inn here, the second standing in the area between the so-called mound and former radar station. (This means in the space between the ČS Most fuel pump and the former Mototechny complex). In 1893, the largest landowner here is Baron Dionýz Vay (450 cadastral jutors), Count Juraj Apponyi (228 cadastral jutors) and the village of Pruk owned 190 cadastral jutors in the area.

There were several cherries in the area of the village - Valentinlak, Vay and Winkler.

In 1896, the name of the village was Hungarianized to Dunahidas. The peaceful life of the village was interrupted by the period of the First World War (1914 - 1918), which demanded a cruel tax from the local population, 43 lives of the inhabitants of the village.

After 1918, the village became part of the First Czechoslovakia, but the employment of its population did not change, it was engaged in agriculture. The estate of Count Albert Apponyi was confiscated and property parts from him were acquired by others, e.g. Kohn with a partner (129 ha). A post office was established in the village in today's Hucíkovci house, a gendarme station and a municipal office. In Bruk, the HANZA consumer cooperative, based in Galanta, had a building with a shop and in 1938 88 members in the village.

In 1920, the name of the village was changed to the German-sounding Bruk, from 1927 the name was changed to Most na Ostrove. There were frequent strikes of agricultural workers in Most.

In 1939, the village became part of the Slovak state, as the border with Hungary stretched across Most. In 1941, the construction of a solid concrete main road through the village began. In 1942, the village was electrified. The war did not affect the village with the German population much, but in February 1945 the Slovak guards dragged young people from 14 to 25 years old to dig trenches near Bratislava. There was no front in the village itself. In the village ended II. World War II that day as well as in Bratislava - April 4, 1945.

Before the end of II. World War II, until August 1945, the local school housed the Red Army Military Medical Center.

It is natural that the inhabitants of Bruk, as citizens of German nationality, did not take part in the Slovak National Uprising or anti-fascist actions, and probably that is why the following events took place here in quick succession after May 1945. As part of the collective guilt, the Beneš government deprived the local inhabitants of German nationality of civil rights (similarly of the inhabitants of Hungarian nationality) and were destined for displacement to Austria and Germany. They were concentrated in Bratislava and evicted from there.

They were soon replaced by 70 families from Zliechov, 60 from Čičmian, 20 from Košecký Rovný, 50 from Orava (from Námestovo and its surroundings) and 22 families from Rajecká Lesná (originally Friwald). So basically it was necessary to start all over again, as if the Bridge on the Island was founded in 1945.

The school year did not begin until October 24, 1945. Everyone began to manage their own, but in 1947 their plans were thwarted by a catastrophic crop failure and soon by swine fever and swine fever.

In that year, the Local National Committee was established, and an amateur theater circle began to operate there.

The construction of a new cultural house was also planned, help was offered by Ing. arch. Rudolf Frič, a landowner from Hideghét, but canceled the offer due to the citizens' distrust of the "capitalist". Frič is said to have been a truly kind-hearted man, helping anyone at all times. In 1947, General Ambros et al. Visited the village on behalf of the Democratic Party. Umrlian. UNRA distributed clothing to the local population. Regular bus service has started. After the events of February 1948, the socialization of the village gradually began. In 1948, the settlers were given decrees by decree.

In 1949, a local JRD was founded, a kindergarten with a dining room and later a nursery were opened.

Between 1953 and 1954, 18 Slovak families from Romania, 6 families from Hungary, 4 families from Bulgaria, 4 families from Yugoslavia and 6 families from the vicinity of Bánovce nad Bebravou moved here. The face of the village began to change, in 1956 the buildings of the military radar station were built in the Most district (on the site of the former Mototechna complex). In 1957, the construction of a department store with various goods began, and a garden center with a vegetable shop was established at JRD. In that year, the garage building was converted into a fire station. In 1958, a teacher's four-apartment building was built, and young people indulged in sports (mostly table tennis and football) and board games. There were dance parties, plays and plays. The women made beautiful embroidery for the company Detva and Orava. In that year, there were two shops of various goods in the village, a butcher's shop, a dairy shop and a textile shop. The level of services to the population improved (eg shoe repair, barber - hairdressing, etc.).

Between 1959 and 1964, a new building of the cultural house was built on the site of a former inn, mostly from the building material of a dismantled distillery in Hideghét (130,000 bricks), the citizens worked 24,910 part-time, which meant 16.38 hours per inhabitant, including children. The value of the construction reached a respectable 1,413,000 CZK and financial costs of 1,080,000 CZK at the time. The building also received a restaurant, a cinema, a ZDŠ gym, a library and the Local National Committee (now the municipal office), which moved to the new premises from the building of the current health center on Bratislavská Street no. 6. From this vacated building, its reconstruction created a medical center - a general practitioner's outpatient clinic and an apartment for the village doctor. Roads were paved, sidewalks were built, and individual housing construction began. In 1960, a pensioners' club was opened here, and from October 1, 1963, the ŽDŠ gymnasium was handed over in the building of the cultural house. From October 1, 1961, the correspondent of Most na Ostrove was published here.

May 1964, the village was visited by Algerian President Ben Bella with an escort and was ceremoniously put into use the entire building of the cultural house. In 1968, after the reconstruction, the crèche was reopened, the sports field was repaired, and in the years 1974 - 1975, a water supply system was built in the village.

July 1974, the name of the village was changed to Most pri Bratislave. In the years 1974 - 1975 the church was repaired. In the years 1981 - 1986, the whole village was gasified, except for the part of Bratislavská street between houses no. 21 - 57, which was gasified in 1989. On September 1, 1988, the building of the former primary school was reconstructed (Bratislavská 97) and began to be used as a kindergarten. In 1988, the construction of the House of Mourning began and was put into use together with consecration in the autumn of 1990.
On December 1, 1990, the MNV Small Business Premises was closed down, on March 1, 1991, the crèche ceased to operate, and on September 1, 1991, the kindergarten was moved to the crèche building.

In January 1992, the building of the former kindergarten (Bratislavská 97) was rented to TREK SPORT and OFFSET PRINT.

The construction of the sewerage system and the WWTP Most pri Bratislave - Malinovo within the Gabčíkovo - Nagymaros Waterworks System - investor Vodohospodárska výstavba š.p. Bratislava. In 1993, in the summer months, the bridge over the Little Danube was completely reconstructed, the original wooden bridge deck was replaced by a concrete one with an asphalt surface. On May 1, 1994, the reconstruction and extension of the unused building in the area of the primary school to the school canteen began. At the same time, the primary school was gasified, and the room used for storing coal was converted into a small gym. All buildings were put into use on September 1, 1994. In December 1994, the first stage of construction of the WWTP and the main sewer collector began.

Based on the change of the territorial division of the Slovak Republic in 1996, the village of Most pri Bratislave became a part of the district of Senec, Bratislava Region.

On May 5, 1997, the general reconstruction of the cultural house began, and the expansion of the low-voltage network behind the cemetery, behind the windows, behind the petrol station continued.
As of September 25, 2006, part of the street on August 29 was reconstructed from European Union sources, as of March 20, 2008, the reconstruction of August 29 Street, Poľná Street, Školská Street was completed, and as of December 29, 2008, part of Športova Street.

November 1989 marked a change of regime and the next stage in the development of our community began, marked by a lack of funds and job opportunities. On the other hand, it was possible to start any private business or to freely practice any religion. A wastewater treatment plant was built together with the village of Malinovo, private business was developed (bakery S&R sro, as, Unigalex - HD Prucké farm, Trek sport sro, several private shops or services to the population, and the local Peasant Cooperative, providing parts of the population with employment opportunities.

The villages of Ivanka pri Dunaji, Most pri Bratislave and Zálesie established a joint IVAMOZA association to improve local and tourist opportunities for nearby Bratislava, where they saw prosperity. Nearby, next to a hunting lodge built in 1986 in the Zadné záhrady locality, a shooting range for asphalt pigeons was established in 1996 by the reconstruction of a field shelter, where shooting competitions were held.

The development of the population in the village was also interesting. In 1896 there were 823 inhabitants and their number was increasing for a long time. In 1900 there were 1,025 citizens, by 1930 their number had increased to 1,471, in 1940 1,502 citizens were already written here and in 1948 even 1,597 even after the mentioned dramatic events in 1945 and the annexation of the settlement of Hideghét.

By 1961, the number of inhabitants in the merged village had dropped to 1,564, by 1970 there had been only 1,464 inhabitants, and by 1999 their number had nevertheless increased to 1,550.

In 1947, the settlement of Hideghét (since 1976 Studené), which was once an independent municipality, was connected to Most na Ostrove. This part of the village is first mentioned in 1283 as Vtiheth or Mogorheth and then in 1294 as Heet, when Ehun's son Tomáš and Czikov's son Thama leased the inherited property to come Ladislav. In 1306, the Bratislava mayor Jakub sold his property on Žitný ostrov, including Hideghét, for 50 marks in pure silver to his siblings Mikuláš, Ján, Martin, Juraj and Pavel. In 1307, the village is already registered as Hydegheeth, because the settlement lies in the coldest place in the area. In 1308, there are Jobagionians - inhabitants of Bratislava Castle. In 1394 the village is registered as Némethéth and King Sigismund donated it to the Archbishop of Esztergom, John Kanizsai. Later, the name of the village also appears in the German form Gnadendorf. The village was once the property of the manor of Svätý Jur, in 1553 Blažej Török is recorded in the portal census as a landowner. The fate of the village is similar to Most near Bratislava.

In the 17th century, the Hideghetians owned property here, at the end of the 17th century we find the Maholányi family here, in 1787 the Bertalanffy family, later Baron Jeszenák, who annexed the village to the Tomášov manor. Later, Hideghét was owned by the Balassa and Bitter families. In 1828 there were 26 houses and 189 inhabitants.

In 1851, E. Fényes describes the village as follows: "Hideghét (Gnadendorf) Hungarian village in Bratislava County, on the country road to Pest, from Bratislava for 1 and a half hours. 168 Catholics, 6 Jewish inhabitants, arable land is of medium quality. Few meadows, enough pastures. Landed Baron Jeszenák, Balassa, Bittera and others ". Let us add that the small village developed in the shadow of the larger surrounding settlements of Pruk or Fél, its population was engaged in agriculture. In 1893, the greatest landowner was Juraj Mühlig (302 cadastral jutors) and Baron Dionýz Vay (198 cadastral jutors).

Since the beginning of the 20th century, Karol Horändner has owned the largest property here. After 1918, Hideghét became part of the First Czechoslovakia and in the 1920s it was annexed to Féla (Tomášov). The settlement was acquired by the Strasser family, but after 1930 the local property was bought by Ing. arch. Rudolf Frič, landowner. In 1947 Hideghét was annexed to the village of Most na Ostrove and in 1971 his name was renamed Studené. The settlement never developed into a larger settlement and its population was declining. In 1869 the settlement had 166 inhabitants, by 1900 their number had decreased to 133 and in 1921 there were only 94 citizens. At present, 198 inhabitants live here and it is assumed that their number will increase due to the construction in the given locality.