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The village of Dolné Dubové lies in the northern part of the Trnava Uplands. It is 15 km away from Trnava. The hills generally reach altitudes of 150 to 250 meters, while they can reach up to 300 meters towards the mountain range. The hilly area is formed by flat ridges, covered with a thick layer of loess, on which there are black earth and brown earth soils, in the floodplain valley.

Obec Dolné Dubové

The village of Dolné Dubové lies in the northern part of the Trnava Uplands. It is 15 km away from Trnava. The hills generally reach altitudes of 150 to 250 meters, while they can reach up to 300 meters towards the mountain range. The hilly area is formed by flat ridges, covered with a thick layer of loess, on which there are black earth and brown earth soils, in the floodplain valley.

History of the village since ancient times
For the vast majority of towns and villages in Slovakia, it is not possible to find out the exact date of their origin. Therefore, when writing the history of municipalities or celebrating their anniversary, it is usually not a question of its origin, but of the first written mention. Of course, it does not coincide with the date of their origin. However, when examining the historical settlement of our region in the first centuries of the Hungarian state on the basis of written sources, we encounter considerable difficulties. Documentary sources on the ownership of feudal land in Slovakia in the 11th and 12th centuries are generally missing. All the land during the reign of the Arpad rulers (1000-1301) belonged to the king together with the population and there was no reason to mention it. Sources about the property of dioceses, chapters and monasteries provide a much better picture. In 11.-12. century, the area of nearby Chtelnice belonged to the system of the defensive zone, called confinium, which was to protect the Hungarian state from the western side.

This zone covered the area from the Morava River to the Dudváh River in the east, including the southern Malokarpatska slopes. The area was often the scene of war conflicts between the Czech, Hungarian and Austrian countries. Therefore, Záhorie, the area between the Morava River and the Little Carpathians, was in the 11th-12th century almost deserted, while in the Slavic period the findings prove a dense settlement. The Dudváh river with the southern slopes of the Little Carpathians formed an inner defensive line. The area between the river Váh and the Little Carpathians was densely populated by Slavs in the 11th-12th centuries. century. This is proved not only by the rich archaeological finds, but also by the first written reports about the villages that lay on the western border of the territory belonging to the Benedictine monastery of St. Hypolita na Zobora near Nitra. The documents of the Hungarian King Koloman I (1095-1116) from 1111 and 1113, which confirmed the property in favor of the Zobor Abbey of St. Hippolytus. These documents documented the settlement, local names of municipalities and towns in this area. The document from 1113 contains the property inventory of the Zobor Abbey. Due to the fact that the document lists more than 150. For the vast majority of towns and villages in Slovakia, it is not possible to determine the exact date of their origin.

Therefore, when writing the history of municipalities or celebrating their anniversary, it is usually not a question of its origin, but of the first written mention. Of course, it does not coincide with the date of their origin. However, when examining the historical settlement of our region in the first centuries of the Hungarian state on the basis of written sources, we encounter considerable difficulties. Documentary sources on the ownership of feudal land in Slovakia in the 11th and 12th centuries are generally missing. All the land during the reign of the Arpad rulers (1000-1301) belonged to the king together with the population and there was no reason to mention it. Sources about the property of dioceses, chapters and monasteries provide a much better picture. In 11.-12. century, the area of nearby Chtelnice belonged to the system of the defensive zone, called confinium, which was to protect the Hungarian state from the western side. This zone covered the area from the Morava River to the Dudváh River in the east, including the southern Malokarpatska slopes. The area was often the scene of war conflicts between the Czech, Hungarian and Austrian countries. Therefore, Záhorie, the area between the Morava River and the Little Carpathians, was in the 11th-12th century almost deserted, while in the Slavic period the findings prove a dense settlement. The Dudváh river with the southern slopes of the Little Carpathians formed an inner defensive line. The area between the river Váh and the Little Carpathians was densely populated by Slavs in the 11th-12th centuries. century.

This is proved not only by the rich archaeological finds, but also by the first written reports about the villages that lay on the western border of the territory belonging to the Benedictine monastery of St. Hypolita na Zobora near Nitra. The documents of the Hungarian King Koloman I (1095-1116) from 1111 and 1113, which confirmed the property in favor of the Zobor Abbey of St. Hippolytus. These documents documented the settlement, local names of municipalities and towns in this area. The document from 1113 contains the property inventory of the Zobor Abbey. Due to the fact that the list lists more than 150 villages and various landmarks in their areas, it is an extremely valuable topography of the whole of western Slovakia from the beginning of the 12th century. The charter also testifies to the organization of church life by Benedictine monks. Benedictine Monastery of St. Hypolita at the foot of Zobor was the oldest in Slovakia and disappeared during the reign of King Matej Korvín.

In the older literature it was stated that the second Koloman's charter (second Zobor charter) from the year 1113 is related to the village of Dolné Dubová, where it is stated: ... quaedam aqua, quae vocatur Dubo, quae terminus terrae ... some stream called Dubo, which is the name of the territory .... In this frequently cited document, among others, villages such as Bohunice (1113 Bagan), Malženice (1113 Malga), Drahovce (1113 Debred), Dolná Krupá (1113 Crumba) and others are mentioned. These villages lay on the western border of the Benedictine monastery of St. Hypolita na Zobora near Nitra. The problem of the first written mention in the Zoborská list was also solved by the village of Dubová (district of Pezinok), when in 1993 they prepared a brochure on the history of the village dedicated to the 880th anniversary of the first written mention. Based on a consultation with important historians Richard Marsin and Vincent Sedlák, it turned out that Dombo is not tied to their village. According to this information, the historians showed them a description of the Zobor Charter in which it stood: De villa Vvederat (in villa) Dobret est quedam aqu, que vocatur Dumbo, que est terminus terre; in villa Medenz est quela quedam salix, que est terminus terre ... In translation into Slovak: In the village Voderady (not present Voderady) there is a kind of water (stream) called Dubové, which is the border of the territory, in the village Mendez there is such a willow ( willow), which is the boundary of the territory ... However, it is clear from the above that Dombo did not directly indicate a settlement, but a stream or territory.

The latest researches of the Zobor Charter from 1113 also deal with the problem of interpretation of several settlement units mentioned there. This fact is important precisely because several municipalities are trying to find the oldest written evidence of their existence. The frequently quoted interpretations of the Zobor Charter from 1113 in the older professional literature were not unambiguous, so it was possible that several municipalities were looking for their written mention there, for example the mentioned village Dubová (district Pezinok) but also Dolné Dubové. The problem of the historical interpretation lies mainly in the fact that "the individual border properties are not listed in some logical order, but in a leaps and bounds," and moreover, over time, many watercourses have changed riverbed or even disappeared. According to the latest interpretation, "the border between Dobreta (today's Drahovce) and Voderady was a certain stream Dubová, as evidenced by the area of this village, which was adjacent (this is still true today) to the area of today's villages Dubovany, Ťapkové and Veselé." probably derived from the Dubová stream, which according to medieval documents flowed west of the village of Dobreta (today's Drahovce). This interpretation was also made possible by recently made military maps from the 18th and 19th centuries.

The location of the Voderady settlement in this area is also confirmed by the linguist Rudolf Krajčovič, stating: The settlement of the medieval Voderady was located near the right bank of the Váh, which often overflowed in the spring months and after summer rains and caused extensive flooding the road was impassable. Of course, in such an area, experienced water workers were needed, who were obliged in the services of the manor to restore the flooded strategic area as soon as possible.

The above findings show that the connection of Dolný Dubový with the second Zobor Charter is not justified. In connection with the history of the village Dolné Dubové, as already mentioned, there was a problem related to the historical name of the village Dubové and the village with a similar name Dubová, which lies in the district Pezinok. The village was part of the castle property Červený Kameň. It is very probable that in the older cited sources there was a change of these municipalities, and so it happened that Dolné Dubové was annexed to the manor of Červený Kameň Castle. The latest published work also confirms that Dolné Dubové appears in written sources for the first time in 1262, until then it was the property of Hlohovec Castle.

In a document from 1262, by which Belo IV. donated Dubová (Dumbou) to the comedy Serafín (Serefel), there is also the first mention of Horní Dubová (Feldomba). The monographic work on the history of Hlohovec also states that ... “in addition to remote settlements, Hlohovec also had property in the direction of Trnava and Piešťany. He owned Osuské (Ozus), Chropov (Rupov), Hradište (Hradiste) and Dubová (Dumbov). In 1262 he removed them from his ownership. Although this deed of gift was false, the data in relation to Hlohovec Castle were considered correct. ”King Štefan V. confirms (confirms) in 1270 the donation of Bela IV. for Serafina (Serefela) on the lands of Osuská, Rapov, Hradište pod Vrátnom and Dubová, belonging to Hlohovec Castle, and the lands of Záhorka and Šterusy, belonging to Nitra Castle.

"In 1399, Duke Stibor of Stiborice concluded an agreement with the Poor Clares of Starý Budín, according to which Stibor exchanged his village Dioszég (Sládkovičovo) for Dolné Dubová, the original property of the nuns. The whole transaction took place before the Regional Judge Frank, and the Buda Poor Clares were represented here by the parish priest Ján of Dolnodubov. ”The fate of the village of Dolné Dubové influenced Duke Stibor in the following years through his close servants. One of them was also Fritz from Rudina, a German, originally a burgher from Bratislava, who was one of the most important people at Stibor's court. He also received the village of Dolné Dubová from Duke Stibor for his services. "As a castellan of the Korlátka castle, Fritz z Rudiny, who used this castle as the owner since 1403 ... backed up the village of Dolné Dubová to his brother in 1415 as a member of the castle." Based on the above, there are serious doubts as to whether Dolné Dubová was ever part of the Červený Kameň estate, as stated in older patriotic literature.

From the linguistic point of view, the preserved Proto-Slavic nose ǫ in the naming of the village - Dǫbo, Dumbou, Dombo testifies to the presence of Old Hungarian ethnic groups in this area. The extinction of Proto-Slavic nostrils took place uniformly in the first half of the 10th century, and so the language base was gradually formed, on which Slovak developed as an independent language during the 10th century. Today we have at the site of the Praslovan nasal sound ǫ oral sound at - Dubová, Stupava, Krupá, etc. The names of several Slovak settlements with preserved nose sound were taken over into their language by the Old Hungarian tribes at the time of their arrival in the Central Danube area at the beginning of the 10th century. Their wording has been preserved in Hungarian, but in Slovak the name of the village continued to evolve in accordance with the natural laws of the language. Evidence of the fact that at the time of the arrival of the Hungarians in our territory there were still nasal sounds, are also many examples from the current Hungarian vocabulary, which the Hungarian took from the Slavic lexicon, e.g. money, rent, etc.

In 1241, the Tatars invaded Hungary. Southwestern Slovakia in particular was at the mercy of several months of looting of Tatar troops. After the departure of the Tatars, poverty increased the famine, which allegedly killed as many people as the Tatars. Due to the decrease of the domestic population, the monarch and rich secular and ecclesiastical dignitaries organized the invitation of new settlers, which is inaccurately called the so-called German colonization. Larger groups settled mainly in southwestern Slovakia between Bratislava and Trnava and in central Slovakia. After the Tartar invasion, the development of privileged towns accelerated; by the end of the 13th century, 30 localities already had privileged towns (Trnava 1238, Zvolen 1242, ...). At the beginning of the 13th century, the territorial units in Slovakia were the capitals, from the point of view of our locality the Bratislava capitals were important, which also included Dolné Dubové (Špačince, Horné Dubové ...) and Nitrianska stolica (Chtelnica, Radošovce, Malženice ...) . The border between the Bratislava and Nitra capital was formed by the river Blava. The village of Dechtice had an interesting position in this - part of the village on the right side of the river Blava lay in the Bratislava capital and part of the village on the left side already belonged to the Nitra capital.

The first written mention of the village of Dolné Dubové in the second half of the 13th century is associated with a period in which there were many changes in the organization of agricultural production, where the square shape of fields was abandoned, when long flowerbeds began to form. plowing (replaced by transverse plowing). The old scattered village is organized into a new settlement group. Stronger houses and farm buildings, such as stables, sheds and cattle pens, are being built. The village is grouped in a tight shape around the church center (church, parish). The houses are grouped into terraced buildings along streams and roads. Here ends the prehistoric era of a one-room house, multi-room houses are created. A special branch of agriculture that began to develop in the 13th century is viticulture. This has spread to all areas of southern Slovakia. In the 14th century, the settlement and organizational system of our medieval village was completed. The concept of urban, ie space for the construction of houses in the village, and extra-urban (area) of the village was established.

Additional information

Transport: By foot, By bike, By car, By bus
Parking: Free parking nearby

Languages: Slovak

Suitable for: Families with childrens, Elderly, Cyclists, Young, Adults
Season: Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter
Updated on: 18.7.2022
Source: OZ Naše Jadro

Opening hours

Weather

monday - tuesday:
07:30 - 12:00
13:00 - 16:00
wednesday:
07:30 - 12:00
13:00 - 17:00
friday:
07:30 - 12:00
13:00 - 15:00
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Opening hours

Weather

monday - tuesday:
07:30 - 12:00
13:00 - 16:00
wednesday:
07:30 - 12:00
13:00 - 17:00
friday:
07:30 - 12:00
13:00 - 15:00


Contact

Phone: +421 33 559 2633
Website: dolnedubove.sk
Obec Dolné Dubové
Obecný úrad Dolné Dubové
Dolné Dubové 1
919 52  Dolné Dubové
Region: Trnavský
District: Trnava
Area: Trnavsko, Microregion Naše Jadro
 48.490639, 17.611324

Locality Dolné Dubové

Altitude: 188 m

Obecný úrad Dolné Dubové
Dolné Dubové 1
919 52  Dolné Dubové

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