History
Local residents have known about the opening to the Old Cave for a long time. J. Kovalčík and E. Laubert were the first to venture underground in 1923. The Peklo abyss, which later descended into the New Cave, was discovered by E. and A. Hollmann and J. Kovalčík in 1926. The exploration of the abyss was continued by members of the Cave group of the Carpathian Society in Banská Bystrica in 1927. The lower entrance to the New Cave (the east of the current tour route) was discovered in 1932. In the years 1939-1940, the Bystrian Caves Association made a part of the cave accessible without electric lighting. The tragic event of the anti-fascist resistance from World War II is commemorated by a memorial plaque in the Collapsed Dome. Under the administration of Turist, np, the Mostárenské siene appeared in Nova jaskyn in 1951. The Old and New caves were connected by J. Majko and J. Vytřísalová with colleagues in 1955.
The cave in its current state has been accessible since 1968 with a length of 580 m. Since 1971, the Lower Partisan Hall has been used for speleotherapy.
It is formed in the Mesozoic Middle Triassic dark gray limestones of the Choč cover with chert inlays. The positions of light gray dolomites also alternate in them. The direction of the cave corridors is strongly determined by steep tectonic faults.
The cave reaches a length of over 3,531 m and a vertical span of 99 m. Depending on the deepening of the valley floor, it was created in several stages of development by submersible waters of the Bystrianka flowing into the karst area from the southern slopes of the Low Tatras. The oldest is the meandering river in Stará jaskyna, the entrance of which is 70 m above the current stream of the Bystrianka. Currently, the submersible water flow flows through the lowest and youngest parts of the Nova cave, which lie 14 m lower than the 160 m distant Bystrianka submergence in front of the cave. The water flow also appears at the bottom of the nearby Bystrian sinkhole, whose abyssal underground spaces reach a length of over 650 m and a depth of 175 m. The hot springs in Valaska are 3300 m away from the dives, with a height difference of over 70 m.
The main spaces of the New Cave are mostly narrow and high fissure corridors widened by corrosion and erosion of the water flow. Shorter oval corridors are mainly determined by interlayer surfaces of rocks and in some places they connect fissure corridors. The upper parts of tectonic faults are widened in several places by the corrosion of seeping atmospheric waters. There are also larger, hall-like and dome-like spaces, mostly of a rushing nature (Crowned Dome, Mostárenské siene). The 70 m deep Peklo abyss opens into the lower parts of the Nova cave.
The sinter filling is dominated by curtains (Chapel), which sometimes hang from the edge of sinter crusts formed on former, later melted river sediments (Baldachýn). Aragonite occurs in places under Hell.
The air temperature is 5.7 to 6.7 °C, relative humidity 92 to 98%. 13 species of bats were found in the cave, the most abundant being the horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus hipposideros) and the common bat (Myotis myotis).
Bystrianska jaskyňa, 977 01 Brezno
Brezno
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